2型糖尿病患者心率变异与颈动脉内膜增厚

目的 探讨2型糖尿病患者心率变异(HRV)与颈动脉内膜增厚的关系及其临床意义.方法 2型糖尿病患者132例按颈动脉内膜一中膜厚度(IMT)分T1组(36例,IMT＜1.0 mm),T2组(54例,IMT 1.1～1.3 ram),T3组(42例,IMT≥1.3 mm)及30例正常对照者(TO组)作为研究对象.Holter HRV时域、频域指标评估心脏自主神经调节功能.结果 1)2型糖尿病有或无颈动脉内膜增厚组各HRV指标(SDNN,SDANN,RMSSD,PNN50,SDNN指数)均较正常对照组低(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).2)2型糖尿病合并颈动脉内膜增厚者HRV指数较无病变者有进一步的下降,而且HRV指数与IMT呈负相关.结论 HRV是2型糖尿病颈动脉粥样硬化的独立相关因素,可对大血管并发症作出早期的诊断,改善预后.     

重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子对兔颈动脉粥样硬化球囊损伤后再内皮化和内膜增生的影响

Objeelive To investigate the effect of rhG-CSF on mobilizing bone marrow-MSCs, reendothelialization and intima hyperplasia in carotid artery of rabbits post balloon catheter injury, nethods Rabbits were treated with rhG-CSF (25 μkg, twice daily, i. p, n =35) or saline (n =32) for 5 days, then, carotid arteries of rabbits were injured by balloon catheter. The number of peripheral MSCs was detected with FACS. The morphology of injuried artery was examined with hematoxylin and eosin stain, PCNA was determined with immunohistochemistry. Results (1) Number of peripheral MSCs was similar at baseline and significantly increased at 24 hours and peaked at 7 days and remained increased till 14 days post rhG-CSF. (2) Significant endothelial cell deletion was evidenced in the control group, while scatter endothelial cells was observed in the rhG-CSF group at 1 week post injury. Two weeks after injury, new endothelial area was significantly higher in rhG-CSF group compared to control group. At 4 weeks post injury, endothelial connection was evidenced and regularly displayed in rhG-CSF treated group. (3) PCNA-positive cells in the tunica intima were significantly lower in rhG-CSF treated rabbits at 7, 14 and 28 days compared that in control rabbits (all P ＜ 0.01). Conclusion rhG-CSF could mobilize the bone marrow-MSCs and promote re-endothelialization and attenuate intima hyperplasia post balloon catheter injury in carotid arteries of rabbits.     

不同糖耐量人群颈动脉内-中膜厚度的对比研究及危险因素分析

目的探讨不同糖耐量人群颈动脉内-中膜厚度(IMT)的差异,揭示糖耐量低减(IGT)在动脉粥样硬化中可能的影响。方法收集正常糖耐量者40名、新诊断的糖耐量低减患者41名、门诊2型糖尿病患者40名,比较不同组间IMT及各项生理、生化指标的差异。结果糖耐量低减患者颈总动脉、颈动脉膨大处、IMT均显著高于糖耐量正常人群(P<0.01),低于2型糖尿病患者(P<0.01)。年龄、体质指数、收缩压、空腹血糖、胰岛素敏感性可能是影响IGT患者IMT的主要危险因素。结论糖耐量低减显著影响患者IMT,IGT,可能是动脉粥样硬化的独立预测因子。     

Relationship of QT interval duration with carotid intima media thickness in a clinically healthy population undergoing cardiovascular risk screening

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between cardiac repolarization (QT interval duration) and intima media thickness (IMT) of the carotid arteries as surrogate measures of subclinical atherosclerosis. DESIGN: Prospective study with consecutive subjects enrolled in the SAPHIR program (Salzburg Atherosclerosis Prevention Program in Subjects at High Individual Risk). SETTING: The analysis of the material was performed at the departments of medicine and neurology of a university hospital. SUBJECTS: The study cohort comprises a population-based sample of 1199 clinically healthy subjects (851 men and 348 women; age 39-66 years). Exclusion criteria were cardiovascular disease, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, bundle branch block and use of medication affecting QT interval duration. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: IMT of common (CCA) and internal carotid arteries (ICA) was measured by B-mode ultrasound. QT interval duration was determined in the resting 12-lead electrocardiogram by an automatic analysis program. The QT intervals were corrected for heart rate with five standard equations (QTc-Bazett, -Fridericia, -Framingham, -Hodges and -Rautaharju) and tested for their relationship with carotid IMT after adjustment for clinical and metabolic variables. Results. Females had higher heart rates than males (64 +/- 10 b min(-1) vs. 60 +/- 9 b min(-1), P <0.0005), with longer mean QT (410 +/- 28 ms vs. 404 +/- 28 ms, P=0.003) and QTc intervals in all correction formulae (P <0.0005). Significant correlations between QT/QTc and ICA IMT (r=0.14-0.16) were found in males. In the general linear model the association between QTc (except for Bazett) and ICA IMT remained significant after adjusting for age, BMI and further cardiovascular risk factors. In females the crude correlations between QT/QTc and ICA IMT were lower than those with CCA IMT. Only the correlation between uncorrected QT and CCA IMT (r=0.15, P=0.006) remained significant after adjustment for covariates. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study demonstrate that QT and QTc prolongation are in part associated with IMT of carotid arteries, which is an established risk marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. In men the data support the hypothesis of an association between QTc and ICA IMT. In women a statistically significant relationship was found between the uncorrected QT interval and CCA IMT. These findings suggest that differences in carotid IMT and ventricular repolarization between genders might be related to hormonal and nonhormonal effects.     

An international matched cohort study of the contribution of metabolic impairments to subclinical atherosclerosis in United Kingdom and Jamaican African-Caribbeans

Caucasian carriers of the T allele at R46L in the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) locus have been reported to have 15% lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (C) levels and 47% lower coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Our objective was to examine two PCSK9 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), R46L and E670G, in 5783 elderly participants in Prospective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk (PROSPER), of whom 43% had a history of vascular disease at baseline, and who were randomized to pravastatin or placebo with followup. In this population 3.5% were carriers of the T allele at R46L, and these subjects had significantly (p < 0.001) lower levels of LDL C (mean, −10%), no difference in LDL C lowering response to pravastatin, and a non-significant 19% unadjusted and 9% adjusted decreased risk of vascular disease at baseline, with no on trial effect. Moreover, 6.0% were carriers of the G allele at E670G with no significant relationships with baseline LDL C, response to pravastatin, or vascular disease risk being observed. Our data support the concept that the rare allele of the R46L SNP at the PCSK9 locus significantly lowers LDL C, but does not greatly reduce CHD risk in an elderly population with a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease.     

ST2、hs-CRP、IMT与颈动脉粥样硬化相关性研究

目的分析抑癌蛋白2(ST2)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)与颈动脉粥样硬化(AS)患者严重程度的相关性,比较重度粥样硬化组粥样硬化斑块性质对ST2、hs-CRP、IMT的影响。方法分别采用ELISA法和免疫比浊法检测117例颈动脉粥样硬化患者(轻、中、重度颈动脉粥样硬化患者分别为37例、31例、49例)和103名正常人血清ST2和hs-CRP含量,高分辨率超声观察IMT和判断粥样硬化斑块的性质。结果颈动脉粥样硬化患者的IMT(0.87±0.19)、ST2(1283.44±197.52)和hs-CRP(7.35±3.94)较正常对照组IMT(0.29±0.13)、ST2(692.68±175.84)和hs-CRP(2.64±2.05)明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。AS组重度和中度颈动脉粥样硬化患者与轻度颈动脉粥样硬化患者相比,IMT、ST2和hs-CRP水平明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P0.01或P0.05)。重度动脉粥样硬化的易损斑块患者与稳定斑块患者相比IMT、ST2和hs-CRP水平明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。相关分析显示,ST2和hs-CRP与IMT均呈正相关(r分别为0.295和0.363,P均0.01)。结论高水平IMT、ST2和hs-CRP与颈动脉粥样硬化密切相关,可以预测重度动脉粥样硬化斑块的性质,判断颈动脉粥样硬化的严重程度。     

高血压病人eNOS基因Glu298Asp多态性与颈动脉内中膜厚度的关联性

目的了解青岛地区汉族老年高血压人群eNOS基因Glu298Asp多态性与颈动脉内中膜厚度（IMT）的关联性。方法采用基因芯片技术,测定208例原发性高血压病人eNOS基因Glu298Asp多态性,颈动脉超声测定IMT。应用Logistic回归分析基因多态性对颈动脉IMT变化的影响。结果所选高血压病人eNOS基因Glu298Asp位点基因型频率符合HardyWeinberg平衡。老年组Glu298Asp位点与颈动脉IMT变化的遗传易感相关（OR=0．19,P〈i0．05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,校正了其他的心脑血管危险因素后,老年组基因型与颈动脉IMT增厚间无相关性。结论eNOS基因Glu298Asp多态性可能是老年高血压病人继发颈动脉IMT改变的遗传易感性标志之一,但并不是IMT增厚的独立氘险因素,可能与其他毹盼因素担协同作用．     

糖化血红蛋白对非糖尿病高血压患者心血管重构的临床观察

目的探讨在非糖尿病的高血压人群中糖化血红蛋白与心血管重构的关系。方法对150例原发性高血压但未诊断糖尿病的住院患者检测总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）、甘油三脂（TG）、空腹血糖（FPG）水平,同时检测糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）水平。以30例健康人血标本为健康对照组,检测同样项目并与高血压组进行对比分析。结果（1）高血压组HbAlc显著高于正常组（P〈0．05）;（2）高血压组患者LVMI及IMT／D显著高于正常组（P〈0．01）。随血压水平升高,HBAc、IMT／D、LVMI呈上升趋势,高血压1级、2级组与高血压3级组组间比较有统计学差异（P〈0．01）;（3）相关析表明高血压组患者的HbAlC水平与LVMI、IMT／D呈明显相关性（P〈0．01）;（4）对影响IMT／D及LVMI因素的多元线性回归分析显示,HBAlc是其主要影响因素。结论HbAlc水平是非糖尿病原发性高血压患者心血管重构发生的危险因素之一。     

Reduced carotid intima–media thickness in systemic lupus erythematosus patients treated with cyclosporine A

Abstract

Background Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are at risk of atherosclerosis. An increased carotid intima–media thickness (IMT) is considered to be a marker of early atherosclerosis.

Objective To determine influential factors for increased carotid IMT in SLE patients.

Methods We evaluated the impact of conventional risk factors for atherosclerosis on carotid IMT in 427 healthy controls and of clinical factors on carotid IMT in 94 SLE patients. Carotid IMT was measured by using a newly developed computer-automated system. Unconditional logistic regression was used to assess the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI).

Results Multivariate-adjusted mean carotid IMT (mm) was significantly reduced in SLE patients (0.51, 95 % CI = 0.36–0.66) compared to healthy controls (0.55, 95 % CI = 0.40–0.70) (P = 0.003). The SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) was associated with carotid IMT in a dose-dependent manner (P_trend = 0.041). The current use of cyclosporine A (adjusted OR = 0.02, 95 % CI = 0.01–0.40, P = 0.011) and a history of steroid pulse therapy (adjusted OR = 0.01, 95 % CI = 0.01–0.25, P = 0.006) were significantly associated with a decreased risk of increased carotid IMT.

Conclusions Our findings suggest that the current use of cyclosporine A can protect against increased carotid IMT, leading to a decreased risk of arteriosclerosis. Future studies with a larger sample size need to confirm that this association holds longitudinally.